LIST OF ANNEXES, May 1997
Annex
1, Large Scale Thermal Storage Systems Evaluation
Annex 1 was a technical and economic evaluation of various storage
concepts presented by the participating countries. The results
of this work formed the basis for subsequent Annexes. The final
report was published in October 1981.The Annex was formally closed
at the Executive Committee Meeting in April 1983. Participating
countries: Switzerland (OpA), Belgium, CEC, Denmark, Germany,
Sweden, USA.
Annex 2, Lake Storage Demonstration Plant in Mannheim
Annex 2 had the objective of developing a seasonal lake storage
and to demonstrate the feasibility by the construction of a large
scale pilot plant in Mannheim, Germany. Construction of the plant
was canceled after failing to achieve an economic design.
Annex 3, Aquifer Storage Demonstration Plant in Lausanne
Dorigny
Annex 3 involved the design, construction and operation of a high
temperature aquifer storage in Lausanne Dorigny. The storage consisted
of a vertical well with horizontal drains. The project was commonly
called SPEOS. Waste heat from a municipal facility was stored
in summer and used for space heating and domestic hot water of
a gymnasium. Collaboration involved seven countries and terminated
in 1989. Participating countries: Switzerland (OpA), Denmark,
USA, Sweden.
Annex 4, Short Term Water Heat Storage Systems
Annex 4 reviewed the theory, techniques and application of hot
water storage systems and produced a state of the art report.
It focused on various measures to maintain thermal stratification.
The Annex was closed in 1988. Participating countries: The Netherlands
(OpA), Germany, Sweden, USA
Annex
5, Full Scale Latent Heat Storage Installations
Annex 5 involved the installation and monitoring of latent energy
storage installations with the objective of evaluating their technical
and economic feasibility. The Executive Committee recommended
reviewing the state-of-the-art of latent heat stores and a workshop
was held in 1984 sponsored by the German Ministry for Research
and Technology. As a result of the workshop recommendation to
concentrate on monitoring pilot and demonstration plants to provide
reliable performance data, an Annex on Full-scale Latent Heat
Storage Installations was initiated in 1988. Germany has provided
the Operating Agent. The Annex was terminated in 1992. Participating
countries: Germany (Op.A), Sweden, USA.
Annex 6, Environmental and Chemical aspects of Thermal Energy
Storage in Aquifers and Research and Development of Water Treatment
Methods
Annex 6 dealt with the chemical and environmental aspects of thermal
energy storage in aquifers. A major potential problem of aquifer
energy storage is the scaling an clogging of wells and heat exchangers.
To avoid these problems reliable and ecologically sound methods
of water treatment are required. The development and testing of
the chemical, microbiological and environmental effects of ground-water
treatment methods were the objectives of Annex 6. The work was
initiated in 1987 and extended through twelve experts meetings
into 1993. The Netherlands provided the Operating Agent and nine
countries are participating. The Annex was formally closed by
the Executive Committee in 1996. Participating countries: The
Netherlands (Op.A), Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden,
Switzerland, USA.
Annex 7, Innovative and Cost Effective Seasonal Cold Storage
Applications
Annex 7 aimed to demonstrate innovative, energy efficient and
cost effective cold storage design for a variety of building types
and industrial applications to encourage the adoption of cold
storage as a standard design option. More specifically, it evaluated
effective storage control and operating strategies; evaluated
combined hot and cold storage for increased energy efficiency
and cost effectiveness; and conducted national market studies
for the developed technologies. A planning workshop in Sweden
initiated the work in January 1989 and the activities extended
through eight experts meeting into 1993. The Annex was formally
closed by the Executive Committee in 1996. Participating countries:
Canada (Op.A), Germany, Holland, Sweden.
ftp://ftp.pwgsc.gc.ca/rpstech/Energy/ECES%237/AN7AEEEA.pdf
ftp://ftp.pwgsc.gc.ca/rpstech/Energy/ECES%237/AN7NSAARdraft.pdf
Annex 8, Implementing Underground Thermal Energy Storage
Systems
Annex 8 aims to speed the introduction of Underground Thermal
Energy Storage in the building, industrial and agricultural sectors.
It will encourage the adoption of energy storage in standard project
designs by developing procedures and tools based upon documented
applications in various energy efficient systems. Screening and
decision tools will be provided to ensure ecologically sensitive
applications. The first experts meeting was held May 1994 in Sweden.
Participating countries: Sweden (Op.A), Belgium, Canada, Germany,
The Netherlands, Turkey, USA, (Japan).
Annex 9, Electrical Energy Storage Technologies for Utility
Network Optimization
Annex 9 will examine the potential role of electrical storage
technologies in optimizing electricity supply and utilization
It will identify and overcome barriers to widespread adoption
of electrical energy storage technologies through successful demonstration
projects. It was proposed by EA Technology Limited in UK as a
result of the recommendations of the Energy Storage Strategy Workshop
held in Montreal during January 1995. The annex started July 1996.
Participating countries: Canada, Germany, Netherlands, UK (OpA),
USA. A few more countries are expected to join within the near
future.
Annex
10, Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions for Thermal
Energy Storage
The general objectives of Annex 10 are to solve technical and
market problems for a better market opportunity for thermal energy
storage systems utilizing PCM or chemical reactions in the building
system, the agricultural and industrial sector and to broaden
the knowledgebase and disseminate information. The annex started
in 1997. Particiapting countries are: Canada, Finland, Germany,
Japan, Poland, Sweden (OpA), Switzerland, United Kingdom, and
Turkey. Further members could be Bulgaria and Australia.
Annex 12, High-Temperature Underground Thermal Energy Storage
(HT UTES)
The objectives of this task are to demonstrate that HT-UTES can
be attractive to achieve more efficient economical and environmentally
benign energy systems, and to disclose requirements and find problem
solutions for reliable long-term ope-ration. The type of UTES-systems
concerned shall be confined to Aquifer Storage (ATES) and Duct/Borehole
Storage (DTES). This annex was started at the end 1997 with Germany
as Operating Agent. Several countries have shown interest to participate
but there are no formal participants at the moment.
Annex 13, Design, Construction and Maintenance of UTES Wells
and Boreholes
Annex 13 is a result of the Energy Storage Strategy Workshop held
in Montreal during January
1995. The annex was approved by the ECES IA at the end of
1997 with Sweden as Operating Agent. Several countries have shown
interest to participate but there are no formal participants at
the moment.
Annex
14. Cooling with TES in all Climates
Annex 14 was decided at XC46 in Luleå (14-15 June 1999)
as a result of the Antalya
kick-off Workshop (4-5 June 1999) and years of discussions
within the Executive Committee. The overall objective of Annex
14 is to employ research, development and feasibility studies
to advance the prospects of cooling with TES technologies for
applications within a variety of energy systems and climate conditions
and to encourage their use as a standard design option. The Annex,
will rely heavily on the activities and results of Annexes 6,
7, 8, 10 and 13 to encourage energy efficiency and increased sustainability
of the global energy resource by stimulating the expanded use
of TES in innovative, energy efficient and cost-effective projects
in participating countries. Operating Agent: Turkey.
Annex 17, Advanced Thermal
Energy Storage Techniques - Feasibility Studies and Demonstration
Projects
The objectives of this Annex is to overcome technical and market
barriers for introduction of long- (seasonal) or short-term phase
change and chemical reaction thermal energy storage for energy
savings and for reduction of peak demand of energy in buildings,
agricultural and industrial applications. Operating Agent: Sweden
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